Tiger Conservation Strategies
- Habitat Protection: Securing vast forest and grassland ecosystems, often requiring 10,000 hectares per tiger, and establishing corridors for safe movement and genetic exchange.
- Anti-Poaching: Deploying specialized armed units, like India's Special Tiger Protection Force (STPF), to guard reserves against illegal wildlife trade.
- Community Engagement: Involving local communities through alternative livelihoods (crafts, sustainable farming), education, and making them partners, not just beneficiaries, in conservation.
- Scientific Monitoring: Using technology like camera traps and DNA analysis (M-STRIPES) to track populations, monitor habitat health, and assess threats.
- Policy & Governance: Establishing strong legal frameworks (Wildlife Protection Act, 1972) and bodies like the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) for oversight and coordination.
Major Initiatives & Successes (India)
- Project Tiger (1973): A landmark program that established numerous reserves and secured tiger populations.
- National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA): Provides statutory authority and oversight for tiger conservation efforts.
- TX2 Goal: India met the goal to double tiger numbers by 2022, reaching 3,682 tigers in 2022, holding about 70% of the world's wild tigers.
You can watch this video to learn about the methods used in India's tiger estimation:
International Efforts
- Collaboration: Tiger Range Countries (TRCs) share best practices through agreements and workshops.
- CITES: The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species plays a role in curbing illegal trade.
- IUCN: The Integrated Tiger Habitat Conservation Programme (ITHCP) supports habitat and landscape-level conservation.
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