Photosynthesis

Class: B.Sc. First Year

Subject: Major-1: Microbiology

Compiled by: Dr. Rinku Sharma

Photosynthesis is the vital process where plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food (sugars/glucose) and release oxygen as a byproduct, forming the foundation for most life on Earth by converting light energy into chemical energy. This complex biological process involves light-dependent reactions (capturing light energy to make ATP and NADPH) and light-independent reactions (using that energy to fix CO2 into sugars) within chloroplasts, primarily in leaves.